I've only done a little of the new opencode v2 "mini" but it too offers a nice preserve-scroll by default.
OpenCode is the best behaved TUI i've seen by far (they invented OpenTUI to make it so good, also in Zig), so it feels less crucial. But it's nice to have there!
> an architectural change we made in opencode2 is nearly everything is an internal plugin / there's 68 of them that cover our built in agents, integrations, config loading, etc
i also think this is such a brilliant fun architectural twist too:
> OpenCode is the first time i could justify event sourcing in a real system / everything that happens is an event which gets projected into the sqlite db
it's so fun seeing new malleable software cores emerge, try to figure out how to augment agency. agentic software striving itself to extend the agency it itself offers. it's been way too long since we've had ambitions to build general system, architectures that serve more than the user. this has held computing back for far too long. this is such an excellent interesting field, of such a more ambitious computing, opening up.
Thanks for the links on opencode 2! I’ve been meaning to get into this as I’ve been frustrated about some opencode 1’s behavior and design. Many of the encounters made me come up with ideas I’m happy to see they also had! As much fun as it may have been to build my own harness, I feel like the core primitives should be pretty well understood by now (in fact I envision a standard core library / API design taking shape).
"- For end users, its CLI output style and form factor aims to be closer to a Unix shell than a heavy "IDE in the terminal" TUI."
I've actually been wondering lately why coding agent functionality isn't just... part of my shell already. Just another kind of interaction modality with an existing shell. Could probably even be an extension to fish or nu-shell even.
Please stop me from forking off on yet another project though.
Originally, Warp was doing just that. Reimagining the terminal including making AI a part of it. I don't think they really found much purchase there because they ended up needing to make a platform out of it:
Most of all what you have said is not really any clear differentiation against the rest of the 100s of other agents. Just minuscule or non-negligible implementation details and I'm afraid it is sadly yet another experimental slop project.
It is a branded "mee too" coding agent that we have seen hundreds of them already.
I can't say I'm super into all the agents that are being created. But I do try to keep up here on HN and I can't say that I can remember any with this particular set of attributes.
In particular, aiming to be embeddable into other projects seems rather notable. At least, not something I've remembered of other projects that have made there way across the HN front page.
It does looks really interesting and definitely something I'll check out, but (genuine question), should "agent" and "agent harness" be used interchangeably as it is on here? It describes itself as an agent harness, but the tagline is "tiny, open, native coding agent".
I'm not sure harness is the right word either, but that seems to be what the industry has settled on so I'll concede on that, but surely the agent is the thing doing the work (which I guess is the model, or an instance of the model which is why agent is different?), whereas the harness is how the user interacts with the agent. We've had ways to describe that relationship before; client and server, frontend and backend, but again, I'll concede that the shiny new thing doesn't want to use boring old terminology, but I think some consistency and logic in the shiny new terminology is pretty important
That isn't specifically about fx of course, more of a general industry complaint
I think "harness" is a thing, the code/binary, and "agent" is a process, an instantiated run of that code/binary with a given LLM/env, etc.
So its like, "GTA 6" as the disc vs. the specific game you're in the middle of being chased by cops, harness vs agent.
In practice they're intertwined and it becomes hard not to use the terms somewhat interchangeably, but "you ask the agent how the harness works" vs. the other way around, clearly.
"Harness" should describe the overall system. The user interactions are increasingly negligible (due to model routing, adaptive reasoning, etc). "Agents" are the tool lists/settings provided to the model, etc.
Harness = the software the agent runs on. This is plain old software. You can trust it as much as any software.
Agent = the thing that runs on the harness. It cannot be trusted because it is driven by an LLM
I wonder why it's so large for a program written in Zig. It's basically just a loop that accepts user input, prepares the context, sends it to the LLM, parses the output, invokes the tools, and presents it all in the terminal. Add the built-in prompts and a few checks here and there (like blocking a write tool call before the file has been read first), and I'd expect a truly tiny native agent to be around 200-300 KB max.
I too was frustrated with needing npm and slow startups or huge rust compile times for agents. I tried getting agents to write a tool like this with proper raw mode content pasting/ interruptions, but they just kept screwing it up without a framework like ratatui, so I wrote one in c by hand https://gist.github.com/fourlexboehm/a60e4ef9306744483731cd1... the only dependency is libcurl.
This binary is ~40kb and uses much less ram than fx.
If it isn't still common practice 40 years from now (8/18/2066), I'll give the first person to challenge me and cite this comment $1 USD (or equivalent value in the One-World Order-issued omni-currency that we will probably be using by then).
In the future, all software will be delivered by an unreleased model breaking out of its training environment and installing it on your machine using a novel RCE vector.
I'm not in the tech industry. Could someone explain why there are so many new coding agents, and why they're commonly upvoted on HackerNews? It seems like there's a new one in the top 10 every other day.
It's basically just a relatively simple to create piece of software that's important to get right (since you use it so much), can be made by many different design philosophies (maximal vs. minimal, customizability, etc.), and has very few good standards around it as of yet.
Hacker news generally follows trends, and this is the current trend.
The discussion around coding agents nowadays is steering towards harnesses (which is probably a better description of what this is). "Agent" here is doing a lot of heavy lifting and has become a bit of a catch-all term to describe a model + harness + tooling + prompt + some other things that I've probably not thought about. The harness is a part that's being explored more as many believe it's where we can get some better performance out of the models.
This one in particular is from Vercel who provide a service to use models, so they have a vested interest in providing a harness.
Because we're actively exploring the best way to remove any need to deal with code, and make it so that you don't need any real talent to make a computer do things for anyone.
We haven't quite hit on the right formula yet, but people are very excited by the possibility.
It's a brand new type of software. Nobody knows what the best way to do it is so a lot of people are trying stuff out, and a lot of people are interested in new ideas.
It's a delicate mix of providing good system prompts, tools, workflows for agents, extensibility etc. I've used several and have yet to find the one that fits exactly how I want to work.
> Why there are so many new coding agents, and why they're commonly upvoted on HackerNews? It seems like there's a new one in the top 10 every other day.
It is widely known that upvote rings happen on this site.
> Please don't sneer, including at the rest of the community.
> Please don't post insinuations about astroturfing, shilling, brigading, foreign agents, and the like. It degrades discussion and is usually mistaken. If you're worried about abuse, email hn@ycombinator.com and we'll look at the data.
Will dive in later to see how its contribution/extension model differs from Pi. Pi is great for a lot of things but has a larger memory footprint and start time than this claims to have so it would be interesting to compare the two.
I'm sorry, but this is pure slop. This has 26 tools and a tool for every single file operation and a tool for read tool output? What the fuck... And they call this minimalist.... Lmfao
The person who built this obviously has little understanding of harnesses.
You should have significantly less tools today with how good LLMs have become.
The start up time and binary size are quite literally the most useless stats to base a harness off of lol
Man what with Cloudflare, Vercel and all these tech companies just releasing pure slop.
Just use Pi. It's actually minimal and well thought out by people who actually understand agents.
I was wondering to build the same thing but someone already built it. I just need some agent that open/close super fast and don't eat half a gb of memory.
For all the people asking "Why?", it seems like TFA has a pretty good list of features/attributes that it thinks sets it apart:
- fx is a coding agent harness and CLI written in Zig, optimized for research and embeddability as part of larger systems.
- It focuses on minimalism and performance across the board, from system prompt design, to its tools, feature set, and 6.39mib binary.
- For end users, its CLI output style and form factor aims to be closer to a Unix shell than a heavy "IDE in the terminal" TUI.
- It's open source (Apache-2.0), model-agnostic, and suitable for both local and cloud inference.
- Designed for instant installation and embedding in resource constrained environments and agent sandboxes.
- fx cold starts in 10µs and does no unnecessary work or I/O prior to accepting user input, making it ideal for programmatic use.
- Optimal fx.wasm builds produced by the Zig toolchain, which further reduce fx's size, making the network stack pluggable.
- fx contributes single-digit megabytes of memory baseline, allowing you to pack many instances in one machine.
- fx preserves scroll history by default, produces minimal output, and makes sparing use of complex TUI or paints
- Minimal system prompt and tools, to save on token costs and to yield optimal time-to-first-token performance (TTFT).
- Small core, extended via skills, plugins, MCPs, with a Unix-like philosophy to extensibility.
- Designed to work with local models, gateways, direct provider API access or subscriptions.
Very neat. The demo on the page feels very intuitive to me! (if you're used to bash at least)
I've only done a little of the new opencode v2 "mini" but it too offers a nice preserve-scroll by default.
OpenCode is the best behaved TUI i've seen by far (they invented OpenTUI to make it so good, also in Zig), so it feels less crucial. But it's nice to have there!
The "small core" model is very popular all of a sudden. DeepSeek's new harness is famously like that. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49285244
OpenCode isn't quite as small, but there's very much been a deliberate attempt to drive much more into a plugin-based system. I enjoyed Dax talking about the new constitution of opencode, and the results of his agent comparing OpenCode & the new DeepSeek. https://bsky.app/profile/thdxr.com/post/3msy4gjttoc2f https://bsky.app/profile/thdxr.com/post/3msygiqyg6v2y
> an architectural change we made in opencode2 is nearly everything is an internal plugin / there's 68 of them that cover our built in agents, integrations, config loading, etc
i also think this is such a brilliant fun architectural twist too:
> OpenCode is the first time i could justify event sourcing in a real system / everything that happens is an event which gets projected into the sqlite db
https://bsky.app/profile/thdxr.com/post/3mt2qx3ktib2c
it's so fun seeing new malleable software cores emerge, try to figure out how to augment agency. agentic software striving itself to extend the agency it itself offers. it's been way too long since we've had ambitions to build general system, architectures that serve more than the user. this has held computing back for far too long. this is such an excellent interesting field, of such a more ambitious computing, opening up.
Thanks for the links on opencode 2! I’ve been meaning to get into this as I’ve been frustrated about some opencode 1’s behavior and design. Many of the encounters made me come up with ideas I’m happy to see they also had! As much fun as it may have been to build my own harness, I feel like the core primitives should be pretty well understood by now (in fact I envision a standard core library / API design taking shape).
"- For end users, its CLI output style and form factor aims to be closer to a Unix shell than a heavy "IDE in the terminal" TUI."
I've actually been wondering lately why coding agent functionality isn't just... part of my shell already. Just another kind of interaction modality with an existing shell. Could probably even be an extension to fish or nu-shell even.
Please stop me from forking off on yet another project though.
Originally, Warp was doing just that. Reimagining the terminal including making AI a part of it. I don't think they really found much purchase there because they ended up needing to make a platform out of it:
https://www.warp.dev/
Yeah terminal window is a bit of a different story, though. I mean the actual shell binary.
With some ... intensive ... security/sandboxing/containerizing of some kind though, I guess.
Most of all what you have said is not really any clear differentiation against the rest of the 100s of other agents. Just minuscule or non-negligible implementation details and I'm afraid it is sadly yet another experimental slop project.
It is a branded "mee too" coding agent that we have seen hundreds of them already.
I can't say I'm super into all the agents that are being created. But I do try to keep up here on HN and I can't say that I can remember any with this particular set of attributes.
In particular, aiming to be embeddable into other projects seems rather notable. At least, not something I've remembered of other projects that have made there way across the HN front page.
It does looks really interesting and definitely something I'll check out, but (genuine question), should "agent" and "agent harness" be used interchangeably as it is on here? It describes itself as an agent harness, but the tagline is "tiny, open, native coding agent".
I'm not sure harness is the right word either, but that seems to be what the industry has settled on so I'll concede on that, but surely the agent is the thing doing the work (which I guess is the model, or an instance of the model which is why agent is different?), whereas the harness is how the user interacts with the agent. We've had ways to describe that relationship before; client and server, frontend and backend, but again, I'll concede that the shiny new thing doesn't want to use boring old terminology, but I think some consistency and logic in the shiny new terminology is pretty important
That isn't specifically about fx of course, more of a general industry complaint
I think "harness" is a thing, the code/binary, and "agent" is a process, an instantiated run of that code/binary with a given LLM/env, etc.
So its like, "GTA 6" as the disc vs. the specific game you're in the middle of being chased by cops, harness vs agent.
In practice they're intertwined and it becomes hard not to use the terms somewhat interchangeably, but "you ask the agent how the harness works" vs. the other way around, clearly.
Wouldn't the disc in that analogy be the model? Thats the source of the instance. The harness I guess would be the OS of the console running the game
"Harness" should describe the overall system. The user interactions are increasingly negligible (due to model routing, adaptive reasoning, etc). "Agents" are the tool lists/settings provided to the model, etc.
Harness = the software the agent runs on. This is plain old software. You can trust it as much as any software. Agent = the thing that runs on the harness. It cannot be trusted because it is driven by an LLM
>Tiny ~6mb binary
I wonder why it's so large for a program written in Zig. It's basically just a loop that accepts user input, prepares the context, sends it to the LLM, parses the output, invokes the tools, and presents it all in the terminal. Add the built-in prompts and a few checks here and there (like blocking a write tool call before the file has been read first), and I'd expect a truly tiny native agent to be around 200-300 KB max.
I too was frustrated with needing npm and slow startups or huge rust compile times for agents. I tried getting agents to write a tool like this with proper raw mode content pasting/ interruptions, but they just kept screwing it up without a framework like ratatui, so I wrote one in c by hand https://gist.github.com/fourlexboehm/a60e4ef9306744483731cd1... the only dependency is libcurl.
This binary is ~40kb and uses much less ram than fx.
I wonder how long will the "curl my arbitrary script and pipe it to bash" will continue being a delivery method.
If it isn't still common practice 40 years from now (8/18/2066), I'll give the first person to challenge me and cite this comment $1 USD (or equivalent value in the One-World Order-issued omni-currency that we will probably be using by then).
I mean I think the only chance you lose this is if curl and bash are obsoleted and replaced by one world order get and execute
Not long. We are transitioning to your LLM curling an arbitrary markdown file and doing whatever it says.
In the future, all software will be delivered by an unreleased model breaking out of its training environment and installing it on your machine using a novel RCE vector.
How is it different from any other installation method?
It does not get vetted by any reviewer or security scanner. It has no package manager to constrain what it can do.
I'm not in the tech industry. Could someone explain why there are so many new coding agents, and why they're commonly upvoted on HackerNews? It seems like there's a new one in the top 10 every other day.
It's basically just a relatively simple to create piece of software that's important to get right (since you use it so much), can be made by many different design philosophies (maximal vs. minimal, customizability, etc.), and has very few good standards around it as of yet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimetic_theory
Hacker news generally follows trends, and this is the current trend.
The discussion around coding agents nowadays is steering towards harnesses (which is probably a better description of what this is). "Agent" here is doing a lot of heavy lifting and has become a bit of a catch-all term to describe a model + harness + tooling + prompt + some other things that I've probably not thought about. The harness is a part that's being explored more as many believe it's where we can get some better performance out of the models.
This one in particular is from Vercel who provide a service to use models, so they have a vested interest in providing a harness.
Because we're actively exploring the best way to remove any need to deal with code, and make it so that you don't need any real talent to make a computer do things for anyone.
We haven't quite hit on the right formula yet, but people are very excited by the possibility.
It's a brand new type of software. Nobody knows what the best way to do it is so a lot of people are trying stuff out, and a lot of people are interested in new ideas.
It's a delicate mix of providing good system prompts, tools, workflows for agents, extensibility etc. I've used several and have yet to find the one that fits exactly how I want to work.
Because they're valueless and trivial to produce, but trends are gonna trend.
Another cause of coding harness inflation is that every model provider release their own coding agent, optimised for their models.
> Why there are so many new coding agents, and why they're commonly upvoted on HackerNews? It seems like there's a new one in the top 10 every other day.
It is widely known that upvote rings happen on this site.
> Please don't sneer, including at the rest of the community.
> Please don't post insinuations about astroturfing, shilling, brigading, foreign agents, and the like. It degrades discussion and is usually mistaken. If you're worried about abuse, email hn@ycombinator.com and we'll look at the data.
This submission has barely 50 votes.
I don’t want another coding agent. I would have to be unemployed to try all new software that pops up everywhere. :)
And every says it is the one :)
Will dive in later to see how its contribution/extension model differs from Pi. Pi is great for a lot of things but has a larger memory footprint and start time than this claims to have so it would be interesting to compare the two.
I'm sorry, but this is pure slop. This has 26 tools and a tool for every single file operation and a tool for read tool output? What the fuck... And they call this minimalist.... Lmfao
The person who built this obviously has little understanding of harnesses.
You should have significantly less tools today with how good LLMs have become.
The start up time and binary size are quite literally the most useless stats to base a harness off of lol
Man what with Cloudflare, Vercel and all these tech companies just releasing pure slop.
Just use Pi. It's actually minimal and well thought out by people who actually understand agents.
I was wondering to build the same thing but someone already built it. I just need some agent that open/close super fast and don't eat half a gb of memory.
Nice to see herdr support. The docs seem to imply it only works with vercel’s AI gateway? I guess it cant be configured to use another provider?
It's a Vercel project, so I assume this is intentional. The steps to get started are to log in with Vercel or add an AI Gateway key.
support incoming for subscriptions (Codex, Grok)
fx isn’t primarily “another coding agent.” It’s a tiny, embeddable agent harness and infrastructure component that also happens to have a good CLI.
Is Vercel so all-in on Zig elsewhere too?
Some questions:
1. Why do we need yet another coding agent over the rest of them?
2. Is this going to be another Vercel Labs slop project that they will abandon like the others since this is super experimental?