> just about everything in modern life, from streaming Netflix to running a dishwasher, consumes water at levels that can be portrayed as wasteful by hair-shirt environmentalists.
Ad-hominems in an Economist article. This reads more like an opinion piece than reporting. There are plenty of documented problems with water usage of data centres. Some can use it efficiently but it costs more to do so and many (most?) do not.
We are also in a time when most people would prefer to use that water for drinking, washing, cleaning… basically anything except data centres.
Don’t think many people are going to read this and think, “Gosh, I was a fool!”
Using a dishwasher can be up to 5x more water-efficient than hand washing. Hand washing one load of dishes can use 20 gallons of water, whereas water- and energy-efficient dishwashers may use as little as four gallons.[1]
Can is doing an awful lot of heaving lifting there.
Given that my sink cannot contain 20 gallons of water and that I do not even fill my sink full to do my dishes by hand, I cannot possibly be using 20 gallons of water to do my dishes when I do my dishes by hand.
it really depends how you do it, I don't think one serious non biased study has ever been done. probably an ultrasound bath is the most energy and water-efficient method
People have. That's a common objection to golf courses.
The difference here is that data centers are both economically and environmentally extractive. People in the community, or at least in the surrounding area, will play golf there. Data centers are purely extractive, and that's why they have become so galvanizing. It's transferring probably the only real asset these communities have left, their open spaces, directly to the elite.
What is the exact value proposition of AI as it exists right now for the average person who lives where these things are being built? They don't even get jobs. With golf, they can enjoy the outdoors and escape a little bit.
True but not campaigning against golf courses make anti data center campaigns look hypocritical.
My personal criticism of data centers is mostly regulatory failure. The tech companies are choosing random ass states and stealing land from poor farmers instead of the traditional data center states like Virginia mostly because of tax breaks. The local government is just as if not more responsible for the issues with data centers. It's easy however to just point fingers at big tech instead of he underlying market failures in a lot of the states. The traditional data center states almost always have a supply of clean energy and water with a proper regulatory framework.
The left has long been opposed to excessively watered golf courses too. I could probably find another piece of The Economist calling them foolish for that as well, if I searched.
But TL;DR - sounds like in the northeast / PJM it's load increases, in North Dakota increased load is causing drops in prices, California it's mostly from wildfire mitigation + insurance, natural gas oscillating across the US is causing price changes as well.
I have a lot of left leaning non-tech friends. They are all very much against AI data centers. I've built AI data centers, and I keep trying to educate them, but they just won't listen.
The water is mostly part of a closed system. Sure, you need a lot to build one, but once it's running it's pretty water efficient. The lack of green power is a problem, but as the article points out, you now have a large customer subsidizing the base cost of delivery, since they are only one delivery point, and they are financing new sources of power, which if properly regulated would be green power.
The noise is an issue, I will admit that. As is the fact that a lot of the power is coming from non-green sources. But the government could easily fix these problems with regulations that apply broadly, not just to datacenters.
Besides the data center itself, many people in the US are against what the data center is bringing: more AI.
Most regular people have not been sold on the idea that more AI will be good for them or their families or communities personally. Instead all they hear is AI taking away jobs, and AI preventing high schoolers and college kids from learning how to read a book and write an essay. Most people think a world with more AI seems bleaker.
So people wonder why communities don't want this hulking, loud, energy-expensive data center whose main benefit is to hasten the arrival of this world they don't want?
There’s no need to mince words, they’ve been aggressively told that AI will eliminate nearly every job.
If you need your job to feed your family then what Sam or Dario is saying is quite literally a threat to kill your children.
Of course they’re full of shit, it’s more like a very useful business automation project but if you say stuff like that you can’t be surprised when people hear it and form highly rational opinions about it.
I don't understand why it's being fought by left-leaning, many self-proclaimed communists that have been fighting for a world where we just hang out and make shitty art all day.
Isn't AI the only way we get to that? Who is gonna do actual important work otherwise?
Because (a) that vision of utopia is not party of any "self-proclaimed communist" philosophy that I've ever heard of, and (b) no one believes that's what's going to happen.
Instead the evidence of our own eyes tells us that AI seems to be worsening the K-shaped economy: a handful of Elon Musks will become trillionaires, a slightly larger number of engineers will become billionaires, and the rest of us will have fewer jobs and fewer prospects of upward mobility in a world where AI can do most entry-level work.
Trying to educate them that water and power usage are the less problematic parts and not as bad as everyone thinks. It's the noise and lack of green power that are the problems.
Except when some rich clown from another country comes into a drought-stressed desert area where residents have already been under increasingly draconic water usage restrictions for goin' on a decade now, wantin' to build a datacenter right on a lake that's already under severe stress with record low water levels, tellin' everyone it won't have any effect on anything and it's all just rainbows and sunshine and nothin' but benefits for everyone all around (lies). But yeah, no worries. We can surely trust the billionaire wouldn't lie to us to enrich himself at our expense.
Can you please provide us the details how much water an open-air, evaporative cooling system loses due to evaporation and other system-wide losses?
Also can you tell us which chemicals need to be added to the outer and inner loops of the systems, and do the inner loop has the same losses or it is different.
If there's water loss into the ground, and if the water is treated with chemicals, is it required or is it in fact treated to remove these chemicals so the used water can be reused for livestock, agriculture, or non-consumable use in the cities like for watering greenery or other processes which needs water but can accept non-potable variety.
I also heard that there's a closed loop version for outer loop. Is it used widely in US, if yes, what percentage of the large datacenters use it? Because as I heard it, it's more expensive, but doesn't lose water as much.
Adding some references if possible is greatly appreciated so we can dive deeper, as the community.
Same is also valid for power usage metrics. I'm especially interested in how a datacenter full of 800VDC systems (aka Megawatt Rack) can be fed without any difficulty with our current power generation and transfer infra.
Given your experience with data centers, what do you think of this quote from the article?
> In any case, even the noise worry is overstated: many viral videos of supposed AI data centre noise are really Bitcoin mines, not state-of-the-art hyperscaler facilities.
Are there really major differences between a hyperscaler, neocloud, and crypto mining data center in terms of noise pollution or other negative effects?
No, there really isn't. It's more a question of how the data center is cooled. There are quieter more expensive options, which is why they often aren't used.
Interesting. What ways? Suppose I wanted to call the governor and say “I have an answer to how to regulate these that solves the noise problem” what would we be asking for?
Regulations about 95th percentile decible levels at certain distances, and regulations about max decibel levels at certain distances, for all buildings.
Sure. But what’s the technical way or meet that requirement? Is there a specific method or is it just that they can but they don’t care because there’s no law?
I'm saying the people who are affected need to lobby their own local governments, because the companies will never do the right thing until they are forced to do so.
But what people are most upset about are water and power, which are the two least problematic things about datacenters.
No thanks, they are loud. I even called that out. But no one should be living next to them. Those people need to get their local government to regulate noise from all buildings. The companies won't do it on their own.
(This is part of why I no longer help build them, because when I asked about reducing noise and using green power I was laughed at).
They had an article about Australia embracing AI data centers to be suppliers of the future and not just customers and one big pull is "the vast amounts of land in Australia" then said that one of them is being built within 100m of the nearest suburban house and 200m of a school.
It seems with all the other battles to fight, that moving it 2km down the road and surrounding it with trees and parkland would knock the noise argument out of the window. At least in the US and Australia that really do have vast amounts of open space.
Great point, we shouldn't do jet engine testing either because obviously we need to put that smack dab in the middle of your local cul-de-sac and it can't be put anywhere else.
The noise is the main issue. I'm not american, but one of my relatives works in bernie sanders's office, and one of my friends (30ish) is involved somehow in the democratic party not sure how exactly. And what I hear from them is that the issue is mostly the noise only. The water aspect was there but that was mostly disruption during construction.
They are powering it with turbines right, so if its next to your house it sounds like you're permanently in on the airport tarmac. Not great. I saw a video (not on the internet, but from them). It was pretty annoying. But it makes sense, there is no way a power delivery system in a developed country adapts so fast to such intense energy needs. Here in india, many 250Mw datacenters are put in places where a proper grid connection is itself coming for the first time, so the same problem is not there. And frankly there are way more noisy industries in poorly zoned mixed-industrial-residential areas here for generator noise to even matter.
> The noise is an issue, I will admit that. As is the fact that a lot of the power is coming from non-green sources. But the government could easily fix these problems with regulations that apply broadly, not just to datacenters.
Soooo
You're building them, and you're agreeing that the biggest points of criticism are valid.
But.. some handwaving that the government should do something about it and also others are too doing bad things.
I don't do that anymore since I got laughed at by coworkers when I suggested we focus on using green power and reducing noise. So yes, my conscience is clear.
Of course those are real issues that should be addressed. Just like if a factory producing bicycles is running all night and keeping you awake. But it's not something that should be concerning for anyone outside the area. It's not an existential crisis, just a local nuisance.
There's absolutely, obviously a place for data centers in our world and country, just like there already has been this entire century so far.
The issue right now is the boom of data center building has them being built wherever approval can be had, rather than in more reasonable industrial locations.
It's reasonable to not want a data center built next to you in the same way it's reasonable to not want an iron smelter or pit mine built next to you. There are reasonable places to build data centers, pit mines, and iron smelters and it's not residential neighborhoods. Building them in residential neighborhoods anyway because they can, is what is forcing this issue to a head.
That and water usage building them in places with water issues. There are a lot of places in the country that don't have water issues. Data can be moved around the country quickly. The problems are solvable, but the builders are more interested in chasing short-term dollar than solving them. The opposition should hopefully reshape the construction into a more reasonable reality.
> But it's not something that should be concerning for anyone outside the area.
Of course. Esp. for the bigger datacenters which generate their own power and release large amounts of emissions to the atmosphere.
It's good that that air never moves and all this emission stays inside the cube formed by the ground, four borders of the datacenter and personal airspace ceiling prescribed by the governments.
Given that the datacenter operators run air purifiers and give the filtered out emissions to government (or licensed 3rd parties) for conversion to carbon credits, there's no harm done.
Just some local noise nuisance, and maybe some heat, but all of them are manageable. Residents can use earplugs and more powerful air conditioners to restore or surpass their previous life quality.
This is not only progress, but how one changes the world for the better.
No. Permanent sleep deprivation and probably tinnitus. It's sad, really.
Poorly designed cooling infrastructure is indeed noisy. There are lower noise versions exist, but they are expensive, and I don't think they can be that quieter to make a difference at that scale.
I think one thing that muddles this in online discussions is that there are many voices saying many things about AI, Data Centers, etc. It's easy believe that everyone involved in obstructing data centers is some sort of NIMBY crank that believes fake news about electricity or water usage. But if you look at reporting from people like Jasmine Sun who visited these towns, the actual activists are a lot more sophisticated than tech forums think.
There's a lot of examples of companies failing to deliver things they promised at this level like the FoxConn complex in Wisconsin. Making city leaders sign NDAs doesn't help this. People are more skeptical of future tax revenue claims and it's hard to sell a direct benefit of the AI itself when you spent two years talking about eliminating all white collar jobs. The trust just isn't there.
Given the classical liberal philosophy of The Economist, this just reads like scolding when their world-view is falling out of favor. Luckily for AI boosters, I think data center builders are adapting to reality.
I was actually pretty worried that the anti-datacenter backlash would stunt and important industry (for the US).
But I think the effect will be that the companies building them will "sweeten" the deal for the local towns where they are building -- probably by way of taxes. And while that will be a drag on their development (by adding costs), the scale won't be bad enough to really hurt.
And in that sense, everyone wins. The locales will be happy to have the extra resources. And the ones that don't take the "bribe" -- or whatever you want to call it -- won't get datacenters.
(But I do agree that panic is overblown and counterproductive.)
> "sweeten" the deal for the local towns where they are building
Yes. And datacenter companies have to foolish to slow-walk doing this. When you are building a 10 to 50 billion dollar construction project, it may be worth giving the local town 100 million (plus 10k directly to every resident) to do with as they please, and it would certainly grease the wheels.
They are slow walking it because you simply can't build the generation fast enough anyway. It's also why you are seeing a lot of project with their own generation plants on site, either stuff like the SpaceX/X/AI (I dunno what you call it man) datacenters - i.e very adhoc methane stuff or proper LNG generators ala Meta.
I think the hatred towards the data centers stems from the anger and frustration that has been caused by the white collar job replacement done by AI.
We have an entire generation of young people that went to college and got a degree hoping that they would be able to get a good job and live a comfortable life. However, that's not the case anymore and the fact that almost all entry level jobs are replaced by AI has created this sentiment among people that somehow AI is evil.
The problem is not that AI is evil, but most of the people would have to learn new skills and adapt because the profession or job they trained at college doesn't exists anymore.
Data Centers have existed way before mainstream AI. Everyone would binge watch the latest season of popular shows of Netflix and won't even bat an eye thinking how much water that has wasted.
> The problem is not that AI is evil, but most of the people would have to learn new skills and adapt because the profession or job they trained at college doesn't exists anymore.
isn't the problem then capitalism? the promise of AI is to deliver efficiencies, leverage, and consequent surplus. AI does not itself allocate the surplus.
Nope, capitalism is not perfect, but it has lifted billions of people out of poverty and elevated their living standards. The hatred towards capitalism is as irrational as the hatred towards data centers. If you really want to find something to hate and blame all your problems, then blame it on corruption and incompetent politicians.
As someone who’s lived in and near Loudoun county for well over two decades, it’s very difficult to take the anti-data center arguments at all seriously. It’s all coming from people who never heard the phrase “data center” before six months ago.
The banks will continue financing their construction so it doesn't matter how much people morally panic about it unless it becomes illegal to sell corporate bonds to banks they (Microsoft, Google, Oracle, etc) will continue building data centers.
Memo to anyone in the tech community who doesn’t agree with this:
People fucking hate you and don’t trust you and are convinced, not without reason, that you have the specific goal and intention of destroying their way of life and ability to provide for their families. They also feel like they were never consulted in any of this and that nobody is representing their interests.
You can agree or disagree with that point of view, but unless you thrive on ignorance you might as well get your head around the fact that it’s likely a majority view in this country by now.
Consider for a moment trying to figure out why that is the case rather than pretending it’s not true or that it’s a mass delusion.
What does "it works" mean in this context? Are we prioritizing short-term political wins at cost of long-term competitiveness? Why are non-Western populations so excited by Ai while the West is eating fud?
I suspect the data center thing has become popular because it's been a long time since people have felt like they can effect change in government policy. Details and nuance are irrelevant, there are larger, underlying forces at work
Non-Western populations (really, talking about China here) do not live in a democracy. The government centrally plans where they build things like data centers and homes and there is very little the populace can do about it. You cannot own land in China, you can only lease it. You can't even really talk politics in China in anything close to the same way you're allowed to in the US.
People in China are also generally more excited about progress since it has actively improved their livelihood and wealth over the last few decades rather than slowly eroding it like it has in many Western countries. The government there makes legitimate investments in very visible and beneficial public works projects. Why would you be unenthusiastic about progress when you've been getting subways and high speed rail and cheap luxurious EVs everywhere for the last 20 years?
I find this article incredibly weak, glossing over a number of legitimate concerns brought up by data center opponents. This sentence in particular is pretty egregious:
> In any case, even the noise worry is overstated: many viral videos of supposed AI data centre noise are really Bitcoin mines, not state-of-the-art hyperscaler facilities.
Really? You think people are building Bitcoin mines, in 2026? Please.
Let's also be clear here: AI data centers could be a wonderful thing if we had a government that was legitimately focused on shoring up the national grid, transitioning to renewable energy, and building nuclear power plants. You know who is doing that? China: with more nuclear power plant projects underway than the rest of the world combined.
Instead, the US has an administration that started another middle east war for no reason resulting in higher oil prices, cancels renewable energy projects and permits left and right, and seems hell-bent on moving backwards in every way possible. Electricity prices in many states have gone up by double digit percentages. I don't see that happening in China. I don't blame anyone for being against data centers, even if it is "FUD."
The West is not a single monolith. Attitudes towards data centers vary from country to country. As does the perception of how much influence people have over the government.
The actual issue, as far as I see it, is the financialization of capitalism. When businesses prioritize creating value to the shareholders over creating value to the society, people naturally care less about their success. The degree of financialization also varies from country to country.
Everyone is trying to figure out the chess board not realizing that they are being completely distracted by a simple game of chess. :)
In other words, since the USA endlessly debates everything, you might as well put out messaging that creates more FUD so that it opens up more chances they'll believe anything.
The dissonant mental state fuels the consumption that drives the economy.
People despise datacenters for what they represent: a contemptuous capital class who despises humanism, democracy, art and ecology, and is openly working to screw you over and dismantle all that is good in the world. I'm barely exaggerating.
Therefore any argument about them being "not so bad" in the water/noise/energy department is worthless. You can't Spock your way out of it. People feel AI, in its current incarnation (A tool of the oligarchy), only brings negative value to the world. Hence they're opposed to its avatars, like datacenters or the anti-features popping in every app and websites.
“Moral panic” is just an academic jargon term for “settle down peasants.”
“A backlash fuelled by misinformation and misunderstanding” is also just an academic jargon term for “my vision is superior, anyone who disagrees is out of stupidity, if they understood me they would agree.”
> “Moral panic” is just an academic jargon term for “settle down peasants.”
The irony of this that it portrays everything referred to as a moral panic as something worthy of legitimate worry and/or outrage that was brushed aside by more influential socioeconomic groups.
Which now makes me wonder how many of the examples listed here qualify.
No, it’s everyone watched the More Perfect Union video, saw sludge coming out of their faucets and low decibel hums ruining sleep, and decided to fight when peasants aren’t allowed to fight. Between this and Flock Cameras, tech isn’t making themselves the noble savior on a white horse and being a good neighbor when moving in.
Clearly, it's both. Surely tech has a bad image and Flock does whatever they've done, but just because "one data center caused sludge" nowhere near equals "all data centres cause sludge", which is the implication from a lot of the anti-tech influencers. It's like saying, "data centers consume vast amounts of water" which, of course, is sometimes true but also sometimes not true at all. Data centres don't create many ongoing jobs, true but so what? Don't build anything that doesn't provide jobs?
People like my dad with no technical knowledge at all read an article in some rage-bait newspaper and it must be true (like foreigners took all your jobs, and the left-wing government wants to tax all your money and give it to scroungers).
If people are not taught how to ask "how often is this true" or "how much is this true" or "will this always be true", then they will fear whatever they are told to fear.
Local outrage over construction is the only protest people have against their wholesale replacement at work. They're totally fucked, and you know it. And you aren't. Have empathy.
> NIMBYs are the enemy of all that is good in the world.
Also see the Green parties / Greenpeace and the decline of nuclear power stations. We could have had clean, cheap energy across Europe and America, but the fear of nuclear is fully embedded in the public psyche.
I actually happen to know a lot about this! I have been in and around datacenters for ~16yrs and I work on direct liquid cooled hardware at $DAY_JOB.
Back when I was running my own startup I moved to Mascot, Sydney to be near Equinix SY3 that was being built which we had bought a decent chunk of committed capacity in. Mascot was originally an industrial area but was gentrified a lot over the last 20ish years but the datacenters, meat packers etc are all still there. It really adds to the charm of the place in a lot of ways, warehouses/factories that have been converted to cafes and breweries.
Which is to say I don't think living near a DC is bad at all, they aren't very loud and they just look like big warehouses with lots of lights, cameras and no windows. Oh and security dudes.
Anyways. Yes. The hardware I am working at $DAY_JOB is all direct liquid cooled.
The coolant that actually cools the hardware is closed loop, it's not expended. Which means you don't actually use any of it and it's considered good for the entire life of the hardware.
I normally don't directly talk about $DAY_JOB things because there are pretty strict rules so I can only use publically referenced sources but you can read a little bit about the coolant we use in this article [1].
The facility loop though is usually what people are worried about. A lot of datacentres that were built in low humidity environments use evaporative cooling which does indeed use a ton of water. However most data centers in more humid environments don't and either use loops that recycle the water but dump the heat (i.e rivers/lakes) or use closed loop systems with radiators etc.
It's worth mentioning though that evaporative cooling is extremely power efficient vs most closed loop solutions so there is a tradeoff here. I don't think Google could achieve their fleetwide PUE (Power Usage Efficiency, basically measurement of how much power goes to things in a DC that isn't a computer) numbers without relying on it heavily.
Given the difficulties getting DCs approved in much of the world right now and the backlog on generation capacity (i.e power) almost all modern DCs are being built to use as little water as possible.
To give you an idea I think evaporative cooling of the type you would find in a state of the art Google DC with a PUE of ~1.1ish might use 1-1.1L of water for every kWh of actual equipment load (this is a back of the napkin estimate, don't hold me to it).
Conversely true closed loop will use approximately zero.
So yeah, evaporative is a big waster of water especially at GW scale.
Thanks a ton, for the information. It's greatly appreciated.
I'm personally not interested in the details that you can't provide, that was not something I was aiming for, but putting a ballpark number for ~1.1L/kWh is very eye opening (I know it's not some accurate figure, but yeah). Considering a SOTA GPU uses somewhere from 700W to 2.5kW depending on the manufacturer and performance level...
Noise and air pollution are valid concerns with a lot of these datacentres being built as well. Some of these recent datacentres have been built close to residential areas, and the health harms are far more worrying than the property valuations IMO.
I think a large part is being close enough to existing utilities to save the installation costs of 40 miles of cable, telecomms etc (all duplicated of course). However, some data centres are built in the middle of nowhere but that is potentially then a nature problem because why spoil this nice countryside with a massive non-descript building?
I like Copenhill (https://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/planning/copenhil...), where they decided that waste handling is not nice so why not make it nice by building a ski slope on it. I suspect that a bit more creativity could make people want data centres (free heating and hot water anybody? Hot spring baths? Free hosting for local schools and charities?)
They need power and a lot of it. The one in Memphis built by Musk & co. currently uses 350MW & they are planning to expand it to 950MW. But these aren't even that bad because Google has data centers that use upwards of 2GW or more (Project Tembo (Wyoming)).
> just about everything in modern life, from streaming Netflix to running a dishwasher, consumes water at levels that can be portrayed as wasteful by hair-shirt environmentalists.
Ad-hominems in an Economist article. This reads more like an opinion piece than reporting. There are plenty of documented problems with water usage of data centres. Some can use it efficiently but it costs more to do so and many (most?) do not.
We are also in a time when most people would prefer to use that water for drinking, washing, cleaning… basically anything except data centres.
Don’t think many people are going to read this and think, “Gosh, I was a fool!”
Using a dishwasher can be up to 5x more water-efficient than hand washing. Hand washing one load of dishes can use 20 gallons of water, whereas water- and energy-efficient dishwashers may use as little as four gallons.[1]
[1]: https://www.kitchenaid.com/pinch-of-help/major-appliances/di...
Can is doing an awful lot of heaving lifting there.
Given that my sink cannot contain 20 gallons of water and that I do not even fill my sink full to do my dishes by hand, I cannot possibly be using 20 gallons of water to do my dishes when I do my dishes by hand.
it really depends how you do it, I don't think one serious non biased study has ever been done. probably an ultrasound bath is the most energy and water-efficient method
If people really cared about water usage, they'd be trying to shut down golf courses instead of data centers.
People have. That's a common objection to golf courses.
The difference here is that data centers are both economically and environmentally extractive. People in the community, or at least in the surrounding area, will play golf there. Data centers are purely extractive, and that's why they have become so galvanizing. It's transferring probably the only real asset these communities have left, their open spaces, directly to the elite.
> data centers are purely extractive
please, tell me more
> people in the community, or at least in the surrounding area, will play golf there
going to go out on a limb here and guess that net-net, a datacenter provides more benefits to a broader spectrum of society than a golf course does.
That is quite a limb to go out on.
What is the exact value proposition of AI as it exists right now for the average person who lives where these things are being built? They don't even get jobs. With golf, they can enjoy the outdoors and escape a little bit.
There has been tons of reported frustration with golf courses in the past. So, yes, people have, and it's pretty consistent here as well.
I've not seen a single politician calling for statewide bans on golf courses.
Its pretty obvious here that people decided datacenters were bad first, then went looking for justifications second.
Why not both?
True but not campaigning against golf courses make anti data center campaigns look hypocritical.
My personal criticism of data centers is mostly regulatory failure. The tech companies are choosing random ass states and stealing land from poor farmers instead of the traditional data center states like Virginia mostly because of tax breaks. The local government is just as if not more responsible for the issues with data centers. It's easy however to just point fingers at big tech instead of he underlying market failures in a lot of the states. The traditional data center states almost always have a supply of clean energy and water with a proper regulatory framework.
The left has long been opposed to excessively watered golf courses too. I could probably find another piece of The Economist calling them foolish for that as well, if I searched.
Either I'm blind or it also doesn't say who wrote it.
But it does offer AI narration.
From the Economist website: "ALL writers at The Economist are anonymous."
TIL
Is this your first time reading The Economist?
Not that, but the first time paying attention to these details, as previously, I saw no need to do so based on what I've read.
That's not good.
Yes, thank you, random word account created in 2024. I will take this feedback to heart.
I see that they themselves call it "AI narration"
Are we calling TTS "AI" now?
> This reads more like an opinion piece than reporting.
That is the style of articles (interpretive analysis) that The Economist does.
The article dismisses everything without sourcing anything.
US electricity is 40% more expensive since 2022 https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU000072610
Some AI datacenters can indeed be heard a mile away https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/aug/28/datacenters-...
Amazon's new Texas AI data center could become the biggest CO2 polluter in the US https://www.techradar.com/pro/amazons-new-texas-ai-data-cent...
FYI - EIA has analysis on the energy increase - https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=65284
Relative to data center growth, the correlation doesn't match - https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/monthly-spending-data-cen...
More analysis here - https://www.wri.org/insights/whats-driving-us-electricity-pr...
But TL;DR - sounds like in the northeast / PJM it's load increases, in North Dakota increased load is causing drops in prices, California it's mostly from wildfire mitigation + insurance, natural gas oscillating across the US is causing price changes as well.
Thank you, your comment was more informative than the economist article
I have a lot of left leaning non-tech friends. They are all very much against AI data centers. I've built AI data centers, and I keep trying to educate them, but they just won't listen.
The water is mostly part of a closed system. Sure, you need a lot to build one, but once it's running it's pretty water efficient. The lack of green power is a problem, but as the article points out, you now have a large customer subsidizing the base cost of delivery, since they are only one delivery point, and they are financing new sources of power, which if properly regulated would be green power.
The noise is an issue, I will admit that. As is the fact that a lot of the power is coming from non-green sources. But the government could easily fix these problems with regulations that apply broadly, not just to datacenters.
Besides the data center itself, many people in the US are against what the data center is bringing: more AI.
Most regular people have not been sold on the idea that more AI will be good for them or their families or communities personally. Instead all they hear is AI taking away jobs, and AI preventing high schoolers and college kids from learning how to read a book and write an essay. Most people think a world with more AI seems bleaker.
So people wonder why communities don't want this hulking, loud, energy-expensive data center whose main benefit is to hasten the arrival of this world they don't want?
There’s no need to mince words, they’ve been aggressively told that AI will eliminate nearly every job.
If you need your job to feed your family then what Sam or Dario is saying is quite literally a threat to kill your children.
Of course they’re full of shit, it’s more like a very useful business automation project but if you say stuff like that you can’t be surprised when people hear it and form highly rational opinions about it.
I don't understand why it's being fought by left-leaning, many self-proclaimed communists that have been fighting for a world where we just hang out and make shitty art all day.
Isn't AI the only way we get to that? Who is gonna do actual important work otherwise?
Because (a) that vision of utopia is not party of any "self-proclaimed communist" philosophy that I've ever heard of, and (b) no one believes that's what's going to happen.
Instead the evidence of our own eyes tells us that AI seems to be worsening the K-shaped economy: a handful of Elon Musks will become trillionaires, a slightly larger number of engineers will become billionaires, and the rest of us will have fewer jobs and fewer prospects of upward mobility in a world where AI can do most entry-level work.
Keep trying to educate them how? By your own admission data centers:
* use a lot of water to build one
* the power is a problem
* the noise is an issue
* the power is coming from non-green sources
* the government could “easily” fix all this with regulations
Trying to educate them that water and power usage are the less problematic parts and not as bad as everyone thinks. It's the noise and lack of green power that are the problems.
> water ... usage are the less problematic parts
Except when some rich clown from another country comes into a drought-stressed desert area where residents have already been under increasingly draconic water usage restrictions for goin' on a decade now, wantin' to build a datacenter right on a lake that's already under severe stress with record low water levels, tellin' everyone it won't have any effect on anything and it's all just rainbows and sunshine and nothin' but benefits for everyone all around (lies). But yeah, no worries. We can surely trust the billionaire wouldn't lie to us to enrich himself at our expense.
Can you please provide us the details how much water an open-air, evaporative cooling system loses due to evaporation and other system-wide losses?
Also can you tell us which chemicals need to be added to the outer and inner loops of the systems, and do the inner loop has the same losses or it is different.
If there's water loss into the ground, and if the water is treated with chemicals, is it required or is it in fact treated to remove these chemicals so the used water can be reused for livestock, agriculture, or non-consumable use in the cities like for watering greenery or other processes which needs water but can accept non-potable variety.
I also heard that there's a closed loop version for outer loop. Is it used widely in US, if yes, what percentage of the large datacenters use it? Because as I heard it, it's more expensive, but doesn't lose water as much.
Adding some references if possible is greatly appreciated so we can dive deeper, as the community.
Same is also valid for power usage metrics. I'm especially interested in how a datacenter full of 800VDC systems (aka Megawatt Rack) can be fed without any difficulty with our current power generation and transfer infra.
Given your experience with data centers, what do you think of this quote from the article?
> In any case, even the noise worry is overstated: many viral videos of supposed AI data centre noise are really Bitcoin mines, not state-of-the-art hyperscaler facilities.
Are there really major differences between a hyperscaler, neocloud, and crypto mining data center in terms of noise pollution or other negative effects?
No, there really isn't. It's more a question of how the data center is cooled. There are quieter more expensive options, which is why they often aren't used.
Interesting. What ways? Suppose I wanted to call the governor and say “I have an answer to how to regulate these that solves the noise problem” what would we be asking for?
Regulations about 95th percentile decible levels at certain distances, and regulations about max decibel levels at certain distances, for all buildings.
Sure. But what’s the technical way or meet that requirement? Is there a specific method or is it just that they can but they don’t care because there’s no law?
Maybe that is because you are the one not listening.
You even note the problems, but then wave them away saying that "the government could fix them."
So have the government fix those problematic regulations first, and then the AI centres can re-apply for permission.
I'm saying the people who are affected need to lobby their own local governments, because the companies will never do the right thing until they are forced to do so.
But what people are most upset about are water and power, which are the two least problematic things about datacenters.
Cool. Then then you live next to one.
No thanks, they are loud. I even called that out. But no one should be living next to them. Those people need to get their local government to regulate noise from all buildings. The companies won't do it on their own.
(This is part of why I no longer help build them, because when I asked about reducing noise and using green power I was laughed at).
I genuinely do not understand what happened here.
Like.. you came in invalidating the people, then, when called out, you say what is effectively "well their criticism is actually right".
And.. That's that. I guess. Are you sure that you're taking part in the conversation and not just stringing words together based on probabilities?
They had an article about Australia embracing AI data centers to be suppliers of the future and not just customers and one big pull is "the vast amounts of land in Australia" then said that one of them is being built within 100m of the nearest suburban house and 200m of a school.
It seems with all the other battles to fight, that moving it 2km down the road and surrounding it with trees and parkland would knock the noise argument out of the window. At least in the US and Australia that really do have vast amounts of open space.
Great point, we shouldn't do jet engine testing either because obviously we need to put that smack dab in the middle of your local cul-de-sac and it can't be put anywhere else.
The noise is the main issue. I'm not american, but one of my relatives works in bernie sanders's office, and one of my friends (30ish) is involved somehow in the democratic party not sure how exactly. And what I hear from them is that the issue is mostly the noise only. The water aspect was there but that was mostly disruption during construction.
They are powering it with turbines right, so if its next to your house it sounds like you're permanently in on the airport tarmac. Not great. I saw a video (not on the internet, but from them). It was pretty annoying. But it makes sense, there is no way a power delivery system in a developed country adapts so fast to such intense energy needs. Here in india, many 250Mw datacenters are put in places where a proper grid connection is itself coming for the first time, so the same problem is not there. And frankly there are way more noisy industries in poorly zoned mixed-industrial-residential areas here for generator noise to even matter.
> The noise is an issue, I will admit that. As is the fact that a lot of the power is coming from non-green sources. But the government could easily fix these problems with regulations that apply broadly, not just to datacenters.
Soooo
You're building them, and you're agreeing that the biggest points of criticism are valid.
But.. some handwaving that the government should do something about it and also others are too doing bad things.
And your conscience is clear, huh?
I don't do that anymore since I got laughed at by coworkers when I suggested we focus on using green power and reducing noise. So yes, my conscience is clear.
Welp.
what about the videos of residents showing decibel meters going off and water pressure dropping?
just an anecdote but what exactly do local residents gain here? a handful of permanent maintenance jobs?
Of course those are real issues that should be addressed. Just like if a factory producing bicycles is running all night and keeping you awake. But it's not something that should be concerning for anyone outside the area. It's not an existential crisis, just a local nuisance.
There's absolutely, obviously a place for data centers in our world and country, just like there already has been this entire century so far.
The issue right now is the boom of data center building has them being built wherever approval can be had, rather than in more reasonable industrial locations.
It's reasonable to not want a data center built next to you in the same way it's reasonable to not want an iron smelter or pit mine built next to you. There are reasonable places to build data centers, pit mines, and iron smelters and it's not residential neighborhoods. Building them in residential neighborhoods anyway because they can, is what is forcing this issue to a head.
That and water usage building them in places with water issues. There are a lot of places in the country that don't have water issues. Data can be moved around the country quickly. The problems are solvable, but the builders are more interested in chasing short-term dollar than solving them. The opposition should hopefully reshape the construction into a more reasonable reality.
> But it's not something that should be concerning for anyone outside the area.
Of course. Esp. for the bigger datacenters which generate their own power and release large amounts of emissions to the atmosphere.
It's good that that air never moves and all this emission stays inside the cube formed by the ground, four borders of the datacenter and personal airspace ceiling prescribed by the governments.
Given that the datacenter operators run air purifiers and give the filtered out emissions to government (or licensed 3rd parties) for conversion to carbon credits, there's no harm done.
Just some local noise nuisance, and maybe some heat, but all of them are manageable. Residents can use earplugs and more powerful air conditioners to restore or surpass their previous life quality.
This is not only progress, but how one changes the world for the better.
How is it not an existential crisis when it’s literally reshaping financial markets? That’s not just a local nuisance.
That's a completely separate issue (if it is one at all), but I was addressing the specific concerns in the OPs question.
Some municipalities have been able to levy taxes on computer hardware and fund their public services.
> a handful of permanent maintenance jobs?
No. Permanent sleep deprivation and probably tinnitus. It's sad, really.
Poorly designed cooling infrastructure is indeed noisy. There are lower noise versions exist, but they are expensive, and I don't think they can be that quieter to make a difference at that scale.
I think one thing that muddles this in online discussions is that there are many voices saying many things about AI, Data Centers, etc. It's easy believe that everyone involved in obstructing data centers is some sort of NIMBY crank that believes fake news about electricity or water usage. But if you look at reporting from people like Jasmine Sun who visited these towns, the actual activists are a lot more sophisticated than tech forums think.
There's a lot of examples of companies failing to deliver things they promised at this level like the FoxConn complex in Wisconsin. Making city leaders sign NDAs doesn't help this. People are more skeptical of future tax revenue claims and it's hard to sell a direct benefit of the AI itself when you spent two years talking about eliminating all white collar jobs. The trust just isn't there.
Given the classical liberal philosophy of The Economist, this just reads like scolding when their world-view is falling out of favor. Luckily for AI boosters, I think data center builders are adapting to reality.
The title was cropped
"The moral panic over data centres is foolish, filthy peasants!"
“Filthy little hobbits, their moral panic about serving Sauron is wholly uncalled for.”
I was actually pretty worried that the anti-datacenter backlash would stunt and important industry (for the US).
But I think the effect will be that the companies building them will "sweeten" the deal for the local towns where they are building -- probably by way of taxes. And while that will be a drag on their development (by adding costs), the scale won't be bad enough to really hurt.
And in that sense, everyone wins. The locales will be happy to have the extra resources. And the ones that don't take the "bribe" -- or whatever you want to call it -- won't get datacenters.
(But I do agree that panic is overblown and counterproductive.)
> "sweeten" the deal for the local towns where they are building
Yes. And datacenter companies have to foolish to slow-walk doing this. When you are building a 10 to 50 billion dollar construction project, it may be worth giving the local town 100 million (plus 10k directly to every resident) to do with as they please, and it would certainly grease the wheels.
They are slow walking it because you simply can't build the generation fast enough anyway. It's also why you are seeing a lot of project with their own generation plants on site, either stuff like the SpaceX/X/AI (I dunno what you call it man) datacenters - i.e very adhoc methane stuff or proper LNG generators ala Meta.
This is mostly an America problem right now because that is where everyone wants to build the DCs and it's the market with the most stagnant generation: https://en.macromicro.me/collections/26367/electricity/14247...
I think the hatred towards the data centers stems from the anger and frustration that has been caused by the white collar job replacement done by AI.
We have an entire generation of young people that went to college and got a degree hoping that they would be able to get a good job and live a comfortable life. However, that's not the case anymore and the fact that almost all entry level jobs are replaced by AI has created this sentiment among people that somehow AI is evil.
The problem is not that AI is evil, but most of the people would have to learn new skills and adapt because the profession or job they trained at college doesn't exists anymore.
Data Centers have existed way before mainstream AI. Everyone would binge watch the latest season of popular shows of Netflix and won't even bat an eye thinking how much water that has wasted.
> The problem is not that AI is evil, but most of the people would have to learn new skills and adapt because the profession or job they trained at college doesn't exists anymore.
isn't the problem then capitalism? the promise of AI is to deliver efficiencies, leverage, and consequent surplus. AI does not itself allocate the surplus.
> isn't the problem then capitalism?
Nope, capitalism is not perfect, but it has lifted billions of people out of poverty and elevated their living standards. The hatred towards capitalism is as irrational as the hatred towards data centers. If you really want to find something to hate and blame all your problems, then blame it on corruption and incompetent politicians.
Relevant video from Benn Jordan investigating data center noise that the article glosses over: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bP80DEAbuo
https://archive.is/gPfih
"Moral panic"? Did they read Michael Tracey?
First of all, there are reasons apart from pollution, rising electricity prices and global warming:
These things make noise. Noise bad. Noise very bad for health. Maybe if post from Economist or Spectator villa no know noise!
Thanks for your attention to this matter and please continue to eat cake.
Issues like this are proving the Horseshoe theory right.
The actual public outage is driven by fear of what happens to the economy is all work is automated
As someone who’s lived in and near Loudoun county for well over two decades, it’s very difficult to take the anti-data center arguments at all seriously. It’s all coming from people who never heard the phrase “data center” before six months ago.
>the economist
what's moral panic got to do with inflated energy prices, noise, and polluted water?
The banks will continue financing their construction so it doesn't matter how much people morally panic about it unless it becomes illegal to sell corporate bonds to banks they (Microsoft, Google, Oracle, etc) will continue building data centers.
There's this thing called zoning.
What about it? Data centers are not built in residential zones.
Memo to anyone in the tech community who doesn’t agree with this:
People fucking hate you and don’t trust you and are convinced, not without reason, that you have the specific goal and intention of destroying their way of life and ability to provide for their families. They also feel like they were never consulted in any of this and that nobody is representing their interests.
You can agree or disagree with that point of view, but unless you thrive on ignorance you might as well get your head around the fact that it’s likely a majority view in this country by now.
Consider for a moment trying to figure out why that is the case rather than pretending it’s not true or that it’s a mass delusion.
Agreed. Might not be a bad idea to fire up the good old-fashioned empathy cells and try to understand the problem from the opponents' perspective.
It means that it works.
What does "it works" mean in this context? Are we prioritizing short-term political wins at cost of long-term competitiveness? Why are non-Western populations so excited by Ai while the West is eating fud?
I suspect the data center thing has become popular because it's been a long time since people have felt like they can effect change in government policy. Details and nuance are irrelevant, there are larger, underlying forces at work
> Why are non-Western populations so excited by Ai
Are they excited? Or do they just not have political control at a local level?
Non-Western populations (really, talking about China here) do not live in a democracy. The government centrally plans where they build things like data centers and homes and there is very little the populace can do about it. You cannot own land in China, you can only lease it. You can't even really talk politics in China in anything close to the same way you're allowed to in the US.
People in China are also generally more excited about progress since it has actively improved their livelihood and wealth over the last few decades rather than slowly eroding it like it has in many Western countries. The government there makes legitimate investments in very visible and beneficial public works projects. Why would you be unenthusiastic about progress when you've been getting subways and high speed rail and cheap luxurious EVs everywhere for the last 20 years?
I find this article incredibly weak, glossing over a number of legitimate concerns brought up by data center opponents. This sentence in particular is pretty egregious:
> In any case, even the noise worry is overstated: many viral videos of supposed AI data centre noise are really Bitcoin mines, not state-of-the-art hyperscaler facilities.
Really? You think people are building Bitcoin mines, in 2026? Please.
Let's also be clear here: AI data centers could be a wonderful thing if we had a government that was legitimately focused on shoring up the national grid, transitioning to renewable energy, and building nuclear power plants. You know who is doing that? China: with more nuclear power plant projects underway than the rest of the world combined.
Instead, the US has an administration that started another middle east war for no reason resulting in higher oil prices, cancels renewable energy projects and permits left and right, and seems hell-bent on moving backwards in every way possible. Electricity prices in many states have gone up by double digit percentages. I don't see that happening in China. I don't blame anyone for being against data centers, even if it is "FUD."
The West is not a single monolith. Attitudes towards data centers vary from country to country. As does the perception of how much influence people have over the government.
The actual issue, as far as I see it, is the financialization of capitalism. When businesses prioritize creating value to the shareholders over creating value to the society, people naturally care less about their success. The degree of financialization also varies from country to country.
Everyone is trying to figure out the chess board not realizing that they are being completely distracted by a simple game of chess. :)
In other words, since the USA endlessly debates everything, you might as well put out messaging that creates more FUD so that it opens up more chances they'll believe anything.
The dissonant mental state fuels the consumption that drives the economy.
Yes, appealing to foolishness has proven far more effective than even its most ardent advocates would have expected a decade or so ago.
There are a lot of fools out there, and their favorite recreational activity, besides being fooled, is voting.
People despise datacenters for what they represent: a contemptuous capital class who despises humanism, democracy, art and ecology, and is openly working to screw you over and dismantle all that is good in the world. I'm barely exaggerating.
Therefore any argument about them being "not so bad" in the water/noise/energy department is worthless. You can't Spock your way out of it. People feel AI, in its current incarnation (A tool of the oligarchy), only brings negative value to the world. Hence they're opposed to its avatars, like datacenters or the anti-features popping in every app and websites.
Great another economist post of non-technology people talking about tech.
That's worked great for the datacenter misinformation so far.
There's not even an author on this article.
But you can listen to an ai narrated version of it.
> There's not even an author on this article.
The Economist has anonymous writers for almost every article.
> Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker
lol
“Moral panic” is just an academic jargon term for “settle down peasants.”
“A backlash fuelled by misinformation and misunderstanding” is also just an academic jargon term for “my vision is superior, anyone who disagrees is out of stupidity, if they understood me they would agree.”
> “Moral panic” is just an academic jargon term for “settle down peasants.”
The irony of this that it portrays everything referred to as a moral panic as something worthy of legitimate worry and/or outrage that was brushed aside by more influential socioeconomic groups.
Which now makes me wonder how many of the examples listed here qualify.
If I'm understanding you correct.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_panic#Historic_examples
A lot of the anti-data-center rhetoric is "windmills kill birds" or "dihydrogen monoxide" style fearmongering, not an actual debate.
No, it’s everyone watched the More Perfect Union video, saw sludge coming out of their faucets and low decibel hums ruining sleep, and decided to fight when peasants aren’t allowed to fight. Between this and Flock Cameras, tech isn’t making themselves the noble savior on a white horse and being a good neighbor when moving in.
> it’s everyone watched the More Perfect Union video
Sure sounds like foolish moral panic. Many of the responses here so far would be perfectly at home on bluesky.
Clearly, it's both. Surely tech has a bad image and Flock does whatever they've done, but just because "one data center caused sludge" nowhere near equals "all data centres cause sludge", which is the implication from a lot of the anti-tech influencers. It's like saying, "data centers consume vast amounts of water" which, of course, is sometimes true but also sometimes not true at all. Data centres don't create many ongoing jobs, true but so what? Don't build anything that doesn't provide jobs?
People like my dad with no technical knowledge at all read an article in some rage-bait newspaper and it must be true (like foreigners took all your jobs, and the left-wing government wants to tax all your money and give it to scroungers).
If people are not taught how to ask "how often is this true" or "how much is this true" or "will this always be true", then they will fear whatever they are told to fear.
Local outrage over construction is the only protest people have against their wholesale replacement at work. They're totally fucked, and you know it. And you aren't. Have empathy.
NIMBYs are the enemy of all that is good in the world.
No datacenters isn't about AI or even resources like water or power, it's mostly about real-estate and housing prices as usual.
If we listened to NIMBYs we would have no new infrastructure, no high density housing, no public transport.... oh wait.
> NIMBYs are the enemy of all that is good in the world.
Also see the Green parties / Greenpeace and the decline of nuclear power stations. We could have had clean, cheap energy across Europe and America, but the fear of nuclear is fully embedded in the public psyche.
> or even resources like water or power
I wonder, do you know how much energy or water is required to run a datacenter with direct liquid cooled systems?
Not the SOTA AI data centers which are popping up like mushrooms, a general ballpark is enough.
This is not a loaded question. Given your knowledge, you must be knowing much more than majority of HN.
I actually happen to know a lot about this! I have been in and around datacenters for ~16yrs and I work on direct liquid cooled hardware at $DAY_JOB.
Back when I was running my own startup I moved to Mascot, Sydney to be near Equinix SY3 that was being built which we had bought a decent chunk of committed capacity in. Mascot was originally an industrial area but was gentrified a lot over the last 20ish years but the datacenters, meat packers etc are all still there. It really adds to the charm of the place in a lot of ways, warehouses/factories that have been converted to cafes and breweries. Which is to say I don't think living near a DC is bad at all, they aren't very loud and they just look like big warehouses with lots of lights, cameras and no windows. Oh and security dudes.
Anyways. Yes. The hardware I am working at $DAY_JOB is all direct liquid cooled. The coolant that actually cools the hardware is closed loop, it's not expended. Which means you don't actually use any of it and it's considered good for the entire life of the hardware.
I normally don't directly talk about $DAY_JOB things because there are pretty strict rules so I can only use publically referenced sources but you can read a little bit about the coolant we use in this article [1].
The facility loop though is usually what people are worried about. A lot of datacentres that were built in low humidity environments use evaporative cooling which does indeed use a ton of water. However most data centers in more humid environments don't and either use loops that recycle the water but dump the heat (i.e rivers/lakes) or use closed loop systems with radiators etc. It's worth mentioning though that evaporative cooling is extremely power efficient vs most closed loop solutions so there is a tradeoff here. I don't think Google could achieve their fleetwide PUE (Power Usage Efficiency, basically measurement of how much power goes to things in a DC that isn't a computer) numbers without relying on it heavily.
Given the difficulties getting DCs approved in much of the world right now and the backlog on generation capacity (i.e power) almost all modern DCs are being built to use as little water as possible.
To give you an idea I think evaporative cooling of the type you would find in a state of the art Google DC with a PUE of ~1.1ish might use 1-1.1L of water for every kWh of actual equipment load (this is a back of the napkin estimate, don't hold me to it).
Conversely true closed loop will use approximately zero.
So yeah, evaporative is a big waster of water especially at GW scale.
1: https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/data-centers/nvid...
Thanks a ton, for the information. It's greatly appreciated.
I'm personally not interested in the details that you can't provide, that was not something I was aiming for, but putting a ballpark number for ~1.1L/kWh is very eye opening (I know it's not some accurate figure, but yeah). Considering a SOTA GPU uses somewhere from 700W to 2.5kW depending on the manufacturer and performance level...
Hope to meet you someday. Have a nice day! :)
Noise and air pollution are valid concerns with a lot of these datacentres being built as well. Some of these recent datacentres have been built close to residential areas, and the health harms are far more worrying than the property valuations IMO.
Don't build them next to homes. But don't NOT build them.
Why would a huge industrial scale investment be in anybody's backyard? Is this a US thing? It seems intuitive it belongs in a sparsly populated area.
I think a large part is being close enough to existing utilities to save the installation costs of 40 miles of cable, telecomms etc (all duplicated of course). However, some data centres are built in the middle of nowhere but that is potentially then a nature problem because why spoil this nice countryside with a massive non-descript building?
I like Copenhill (https://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/planning/copenhil...), where they decided that waste handling is not nice so why not make it nice by building a ski slope on it. I suspect that a bit more creativity could make people want data centres (free heating and hot water anybody? Hot spring baths? Free hosting for local schools and charities?)
There’s no such thing as a YIMBY.
It’s only NIMBYs and YIYBYs
They need power and a lot of it. The one in Memphis built by Musk & co. currently uses 350MW & they are planning to expand it to 950MW. But these aren't even that bad because Google has data centers that use upwards of 2GW or more (Project Tembo (Wyoming)).