I don't think the model of highly concentrated data centers makes a lot of sense. From a security standpoint, you can target them easily. It's better for everyone (except perhaps a handful of elite power-mongers) if the hardware is distributed among the populace. I've pushed for something like this before, where each home has a 128GB+ powerful computing rig they can use to run LLMs, generate images and whathaveyou.
I get why the people in power want it, you can concentrate dependence on your asset, do surveillance and industrial espionage. But it's so obviously better to have the power distributed out among the people that it's a no brainer for the average joe/jane.
No doubt, there is still a need for large datacenters to generate models, but we should be looking to a more sustainable/distributed approach when it comes to inference, or running the models. That way people can keep their data, not have their ideas ripped off, not be subject to the whims of whatever policy some technocrat dreams up and not be shit out of luck if someone strikes us-east1 or some such place.
Everyone is using AI for everything now. Including people on here. It's "AI this" and "AI that". Why are people surprised this is what has happened? Has nobody on this forum ever lived in the contrast of a home with minimum appliance, then moved to a place with 4 gamers all over clocking their GPUs for 3 to 4 hours a day, and not observed the delta in utility bills? I'm honestly shocked everyone is surprised at what is happening.
I’m still shocked at how nonsensical it all is every time I hear it because there’s people who claim it makes sense. There’s a chart in that article showing that 1/10th the proposed GW is online. And that’s just for Texas. What the hell do we need 10x the capacity we’ve got right now for? The best case is that makes tokens too cheap to meter which would be sweet for everyone but the investors. I don’t see how this ends any way other than a massive burst.
Anytime you hear someone claim that something would bring about the benefit of something being "too cheap to meter", stop believing them right there. These companies are not charities, they are not there to give you something so insignificant in value that they cannot be bothered to measure its worth. That's their entire reason for being: to find new ways to measure value that's otherwise unmeasured and charge for access to that value.
I don't think it's that big of a trend. There are a lot of people around forums like this who use it (I am one) and a lot of business leaders who want it so they can tell people like me that they need to find somewhere else to work. For the average person, it feels like living in Uncanny Valley and puts their livelihood at risk. They don't like it.
The resistance to AI is real. You don't see moratoriums and protests like this come out of nothing. People don't want to subsidize the infrastructure construction costs for an industry known for its insanely wealthy individuals, especially not if doing so could realistically put them out of a job within the next decade.
What’s happening is that Texas, a state largely owned by the fossil fuel industry, is trying to create demand in their state for that product by trying to attract energy intensive industries but then incentivizing them to power everything with gas.
If those incentives come from that taxpayer then this is a roundabout transfer of tax money to gas companies.
This is a bubble. AI just got hot a few years ago and it takes years for the semiconductor industry to design and produce new kinds of chips at scale. I expect tons of new chips to hit the market in 27 and 28. These will run models much faster with less power because they are designed for this specific use case.
Meanwhile there’s constant ongoing research on more efficient models and ways of quantizing them without performance loss.
I don’t want to be hyperbolic, but to me this technological revolution more than any other in history feels like Silicon Valley and its VC class going to war with rest of human society.
> AI is needed to reindustrialize America.
It seems like they have no idea or are willfully deceiving why Americans want to reindustrialize USA. It’s not because they feel bad that things aren’t made in USA anymore, it’s because they want those manufacturing jobs back. If you replace humans with robots, it’s almost like a monkey paw’s fulfillment of a wish. They want to build 2 Trillion of data centers to get rid of your white collar jobs and your blue collar job, and you’ll be happy for it cause GDP go up. SMH
The power has been great since the freeze. Market forces fixed the problems. People were making $9,000/kwh at times. That's never going to happen again.
Do you live there? I do. Do you get the texts from ERCOT saying "if you don't turn off some shit the grid will fail due to the weather" several times a year. I do.
> "Great since the freeze"
I take it you know nothing about the back story and didn't listen to the podcast. Prior to this "great freeze" there was another "great freeze" and thing went well for a long time between them until they didn't. Virtually nothing structural that caused the conditions of the failure have changed.
I lived through it. I've listened to the podcast. 2026 is not 2021 or 2022. Since about 2022 or maybe 2023 I have never received a single ERCOT warning message text. Before then they were pretty common.
I'm saying it was a problem, it's been addressed. We had one of our hottest Augusts on record this year without a single issue.
If you think it's structurally broken there are energies futures markets you could use to make a lot of money on.
I was wrong. The bulk of my notifications are from Austin Energy. But ERCOT does still send them too. This is my last one:
> Austin Energy: ERCOT expects tight grid conditions, requests conservation Tue., Jan. 16, 6-9 am. Similar conditions expected Wed. morning. More info: ercot.com/txans . Conservation tips: austinenergy.com/alerts .
>
> ERCOT espera condiciones de red ajustadas, solicita conservación Martes, 16 de enero, 6-9 am. Se esperan condiciones similares el miércoles mañana. Más información: ercot.com/txans . Consejos de conservación: austinenergy.com/alerts . Responde STOP para cancelar. Reply STOP to cancel.
> it's been addressed. We had one of our hottest Augusts on record this year without a single issue.
No significant changes to weathercation regulation. No significant changes to the energy market. What exactly, from a systemic perspective, do you feel "has been addressed"? What little I see is too little.
> If you think it's structurally broken there are energies futures markets you could use to make a lot of money on.
What on earth? My problem is that the market is built to incentivize profit over preventing human pain and suffering. That's not a "make money here" opportunity.
1) That's assuming that they actually did fix the problems
2) The idea is to plan and regulate so you don't have market forces fixing problems when the problems are dozens of people freezing to death, massive structural damage to buildings, fires, and business stoppages.
We had PLENTY of capacity at the time of grid failure. The problem was that natural gas plants didn't pay for cold weather weatherization so the pipes literally froze.
The wind turbines were plentiful but lacked de-icing capabilities (another cost cutting measure).
Batteries are good, but my power was off for 72 hours. Some lost it for double that.
To your point "great since the freeze" why would a corporation take on significant costs for a thing that happens only once every decade or so. Much cheaper to let people freeze to death in their own homes.
Regulations don't take away the cost. But they level the playing field. Without them, the market will punish "excess" aka "redundancy". An operator who does the right thing will find themselves unable to compete. Not just decreased margins but possibly put out of business.
Which is why the real failure is the design of the market. And that fundamentally hasn't changed.
Seems so. AI is unlikely to make A16Z cheaper, if anything, we might see the first 4-and-40 fund from them next year. As long as the Senate is controlled by Republicans and the Fed is led by Warsh.
Parent comment doesn’t say it’s a waste of time; nobody likes the “ai witch-hunt” comments and they add nothing to the discussion other than “maybe it is maybe it isn’t.”
the TLDR is that the current historic peak supply of the texas grid is around 100gw. The queue of datacenter demand is 460gw.
If the new capacity uses gas to deliver the power it will consume more gas than the USA exported last year.
So basically it will drive up costs _globally_ to a comic scale, for limited return (its already expensive to train new models, this will make it ruinously expensive to both train _and_ run)
I am not climate change activist. But spending that much energy coming from fossil sources sound like something that we really should be very critical about... Is this really the best use for energy we have?
Well, the climate is part of it, but I deliberately steered clear of that, because people get funny. I do agree it seems like a frivolous waste.
the thing that people _will_ notice is that they will not be able to afford LNG (ie heating), but that will also drive up peak energy price, so summer nights will be very hot because peak generation can't kick in because all the gas is contracted out.
Then if AI actually works, more than it does now, it'll put loads of people out of work. This means that money supply dries up. This pushes up the cost of debt. Meaning that infrastructure gets _more expensive_
that and mass unemployment.
It just seems that all these clever people live in thier own little worlds, without bothering to look at how people around them will be affected.
Why would putting data center in space solve these problems? I feel like this is a total non sequitur. The solution is pay for more substations and power generation. This problem exists there regardless of space based compute and let me tell you the space based compute would 1000000x more expensive because you still need to build everything required in the current solution except in space! Its just not a real response to a lack of investment into infrastructure. And that means asking business to pay for the infrastrure they need as a collective industry.
I think they are thinking of something of a poorly designed Dyson Swarm, the plebs who came up with it think that with "cheap" launches, no permits really, and free* power, it might really come out in the wash and be easier to scale.
Is it a good idea? Most likely not, the amount of issues they are going to have is going to be amazing.
Not that putting data centers in space is a good idea, but there are always problems to solve when doing anything novel or new right? Imagine the list when they were first discussing putting a guy on the moon and trying to get him back.
Yes, there are novel problems, and I love me a novel problem.
Much as I hate musk, I do love the engineers that managed to make practical high bandwidth inter satellite communications possible. the optics and sensing needed to do that is wonderful.
but data centres in space is just such a stupid fucking idea. Sure you need to solve those problems, but like add some fucking solar panels to datacentres on earth and solve the same problem locally. Its literally the same problem. but you have connection, cooling and less cosmic rays
Maybe if HN's favorite bad guy said the quiet part out loud about exploring space compute to avoid regulation...instead of making bombastic claims about possible technical efficacy. I'm not really interested in giving credit to leaders that lie about their motives. Note the blog you linked doesn't mention this either.
Not really, no. It still look absurd and a way to lobby local governments. Nothing has changed. It’s really just a way to say „let us do whatever we want, how we want, or we go to space“.
Texas rolled out the red carpet to corporate interests --- and then discovered that their electrical grid operation is totally inadequate to deal with the impact.
This is just one isolated example of a much larger issue related to the "AI race".
AI is power intensive and the "winner" of the "AI race" is likely be whoever can produce lower cost power and lots of it.
>The upcoming election is part of it, but the underlying issues are worth digging into.
Well we will know for sure on Nov 4 :) But I expect 99.999% of the reason is Midterms, that way politicians can say "We are stopping Data Centers". I expect that will change once they have to account for their bribes, known as political contributions in the US.
There are a few dipshit NY pols playing this game right now. They have their signs and literature out touting their "votes to (temporarily) stop data centers".
I don't think the model of highly concentrated data centers makes a lot of sense. From a security standpoint, you can target them easily. It's better for everyone (except perhaps a handful of elite power-mongers) if the hardware is distributed among the populace. I've pushed for something like this before, where each home has a 128GB+ powerful computing rig they can use to run LLMs, generate images and whathaveyou.
I get why the people in power want it, you can concentrate dependence on your asset, do surveillance and industrial espionage. But it's so obviously better to have the power distributed out among the people that it's a no brainer for the average joe/jane.
No doubt, there is still a need for large datacenters to generate models, but we should be looking to a more sustainable/distributed approach when it comes to inference, or running the models. That way people can keep their data, not have their ideas ripped off, not be subject to the whims of whatever policy some technocrat dreams up and not be shit out of luck if someone strikes us-east1 or some such place.
474 GW!!! Good God that's at LEAST the 5x our peak winter demand for the entire state.
And they want to mostly power it with on site GAS?!
What is even happening.
Everyone is using AI for everything now. Including people on here. It's "AI this" and "AI that". Why are people surprised this is what has happened? Has nobody on this forum ever lived in the contrast of a home with minimum appliance, then moved to a place with 4 gamers all over clocking their GPUs for 3 to 4 hours a day, and not observed the delta in utility bills? I'm honestly shocked everyone is surprised at what is happening.
I’m still shocked at how nonsensical it all is every time I hear it because there’s people who claim it makes sense. There’s a chart in that article showing that 1/10th the proposed GW is online. And that’s just for Texas. What the hell do we need 10x the capacity we’ve got right now for? The best case is that makes tokens too cheap to meter which would be sweet for everyone but the investors. I don’t see how this ends any way other than a massive burst.
Anytime you hear someone claim that something would bring about the benefit of something being "too cheap to meter", stop believing them right there. These companies are not charities, they are not there to give you something so insignificant in value that they cannot be bothered to measure its worth. That's their entire reason for being: to find new ways to measure value that's otherwise unmeasured and charge for access to that value.
> Everyone is using AI for everything now.
I don't think it's that big of a trend. There are a lot of people around forums like this who use it (I am one) and a lot of business leaders who want it so they can tell people like me that they need to find somewhere else to work. For the average person, it feels like living in Uncanny Valley and puts their livelihood at risk. They don't like it.
The resistance to AI is real. You don't see moratoriums and protests like this come out of nothing. People don't want to subsidize the infrastructure construction costs for an industry known for its insanely wealthy individuals, especially not if doing so could realistically put them out of a job within the next decade.
According to the article, a lot of those requests are a result of speculative spamming, not unique, set-in-stone commitments to build.
I thought that the gas was being flared off anyway, feeding it into a turbine at least makes some use of it.
I'd be surprised if flaring consumed more than a tiny percentage of NG produced in the state.
Most of the state's electricity comes from NG, so clearly there is a market for it. Not to mention heating, cooking, exports, ...
If this is a use for otherwise wasted flare gas that’d be a totally different story but I feel like that would be mentioned if that was the case.
https://www.chevron.com/newsroom/2026/q2/chevron-signs-20-ye...
In 2025, Texas vented or flared enough natural gas to generate roughly 2 gigawatts of useful electrical power continuously for the same period.
https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/NG_PROD_SUM_DC_STX_MMCF_A.htm
A lot of gas is burned off simply because it cannot be delivered. Pipelines have a maximum capacity and short term storage is limited.
2GW, not 400.
What’s happening is that Texas, a state largely owned by the fossil fuel industry, is trying to create demand in their state for that product by trying to attract energy intensive industries but then incentivizing them to power everything with gas.
If those incentives come from that taxpayer then this is a roundabout transfer of tax money to gas companies.
This is a bubble. AI just got hot a few years ago and it takes years for the semiconductor industry to design and produce new kinds of chips at scale. I expect tons of new chips to hit the market in 27 and 28. These will run models much faster with less power because they are designed for this specific use case.
Meanwhile there’s constant ongoing research on more efficient models and ways of quantizing them without performance loss.
I don’t want to be hyperbolic, but to me this technological revolution more than any other in history feels like Silicon Valley and its VC class going to war with rest of human society.
> AI is needed to reindustrialize America.
It seems like they have no idea or are willfully deceiving why Americans want to reindustrialize USA. It’s not because they feel bad that things aren’t made in USA anymore, it’s because they want those manufacturing jobs back. If you replace humans with robots, it’s almost like a monkey paw’s fulfillment of a wish. They want to build 2 Trillion of data centers to get rid of your white collar jobs and your blue collar job, and you’ll be happy for it cause GDP go up. SMH
FYI the Texas grid produces the most power of any state, twice as much in fact as either California or Florida.
It is also disconnected from the rest of the US power system. There was a Planet Money episode on it a few years back. https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124365488/the-midnight-conne...
It is also poorly regulated and failed recently and killed several hundreds of people.
Oh, and the energy market that underpins the Texas grid was designed by Enron, literally.
https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1004840920/the-disconnect-power...
The power has been great since the freeze. Market forces fixed the problems. People were making $9,000/kwh at times. That's never going to happen again.
Do you live there? I do. Do you get the texts from ERCOT saying "if you don't turn off some shit the grid will fail due to the weather" several times a year. I do.
> "Great since the freeze"
I take it you know nothing about the back story and didn't listen to the podcast. Prior to this "great freeze" there was another "great freeze" and thing went well for a long time between them until they didn't. Virtually nothing structural that caused the conditions of the failure have changed.
I lived through it. I've listened to the podcast. 2026 is not 2021 or 2022. Since about 2022 or maybe 2023 I have never received a single ERCOT warning message text. Before then they were pretty common.
I'm saying it was a problem, it's been addressed. We had one of our hottest Augusts on record this year without a single issue.
If you think it's structurally broken there are energies futures markets you could use to make a lot of money on.
I was wrong. The bulk of my notifications are from Austin Energy. But ERCOT does still send them too. This is my last one:
> Austin Energy: ERCOT expects tight grid conditions, requests conservation Tue., Jan. 16, 6-9 am. Similar conditions expected Wed. morning. More info: ercot.com/txans . Conservation tips: austinenergy.com/alerts . > > ERCOT espera condiciones de red ajustadas, solicita conservación Martes, 16 de enero, 6-9 am. Se esperan condiciones similares el miércoles mañana. Más información: ercot.com/txans . Consejos de conservación: austinenergy.com/alerts . Responde STOP para cancelar. Reply STOP to cancel.
> it's been addressed. We had one of our hottest Augusts on record this year without a single issue.
No significant changes to weathercation regulation. No significant changes to the energy market. What exactly, from a systemic perspective, do you feel "has been addressed"? What little I see is too little.
> If you think it's structurally broken there are energies futures markets you could use to make a lot of money on.
What on earth? My problem is that the market is built to incentivize profit over preventing human pain and suffering. That's not a "make money here" opportunity.
> Market forces fixed the problems
1) That's assuming that they actually did fix the problems
2) The idea is to plan and regulate so you don't have market forces fixing problems when the problems are dozens of people freezing to death, massive structural damage to buildings, fires, and business stoppages.
> Market forces fixed the problems.
With zero threats from government?
From what I can tell a bunch of batteries, solar and wind came online since then not sure if the govt was involved or not.
We had PLENTY of capacity at the time of grid failure. The problem was that natural gas plants didn't pay for cold weather weatherization so the pipes literally froze.
The wind turbines were plentiful but lacked de-icing capabilities (another cost cutting measure).
Batteries are good, but my power was off for 72 hours. Some lost it for double that.
To your point "great since the freeze" why would a corporation take on significant costs for a thing that happens only once every decade or so. Much cheaper to let people freeze to death in their own homes.
Regulations don't take away the cost. But they level the playing field. Without them, the market will punish "excess" aka "redundancy". An operator who does the right thing will find themselves unable to compete. Not just decreased margins but possibly put out of business.
Which is why the real failure is the design of the market. And that fundamentally hasn't changed.
What regulations would you like to see?
This entire essay is so obviously Claude
Pangram says mostly human
easy to trick pangram.
any evidence for that? genuinely interested. all the evidence I've seen is that Pangram has a very low false negative rate.
Seems so. AI is unlikely to make A16Z cheaper, if anything, we might see the first 4-and-40 fund from them next year. As long as the Senate is controlled by Republicans and the Fed is led by Warsh.
I totally disagree? It seems quite human-written on the contrary; I don't see any strained metaphors, weird word usage or other AI hallmarks.
the graphs are pretty clearly made and labeled with AI
I don’t think that statement supports the original comment
> This entire essay is so obviously Claude
It might be worth reviewing the site guidelines around shallow comments of this nature. There are much more substantive elements to comment on.
https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
A comment preventing fellow readers from wasting their time is not shallow.
Parent comment doesn’t say it’s a waste of time; nobody likes the “ai witch-hunt” comments and they add nothing to the discussion other than “maybe it is maybe it isn’t.”
the TLDR is that the current historic peak supply of the texas grid is around 100gw. The queue of datacenter demand is 460gw.
If the new capacity uses gas to deliver the power it will consume more gas than the USA exported last year.
So basically it will drive up costs _globally_ to a comic scale, for limited return (its already expensive to train new models, this will make it ruinously expensive to both train _and_ run)
I am not climate change activist. But spending that much energy coming from fossil sources sound like something that we really should be very critical about... Is this really the best use for energy we have?
Well, the climate is part of it, but I deliberately steered clear of that, because people get funny. I do agree it seems like a frivolous waste.
the thing that people _will_ notice is that they will not be able to afford LNG (ie heating), but that will also drive up peak energy price, so summer nights will be very hot because peak generation can't kick in because all the gas is contracted out.
Then if AI actually works, more than it does now, it'll put loads of people out of work. This means that money supply dries up. This pushes up the cost of debt. Meaning that infrastructure gets _more expensive_
that and mass unemployment.
It just seems that all these clever people live in thier own little worlds, without bothering to look at how people around them will be affected.
Space-based compute is starting to look less crazy every day.
This is not just a wild-eyed thing invented by HN's favorite bad guy.
https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalabl...
Why would putting data center in space solve these problems? I feel like this is a total non sequitur. The solution is pay for more substations and power generation. This problem exists there regardless of space based compute and let me tell you the space based compute would 1000000x more expensive because you still need to build everything required in the current solution except in space! Its just not a real response to a lack of investment into infrastructure. And that means asking business to pay for the infrastrure they need as a collective industry.
I think they are thinking of something of a poorly designed Dyson Swarm, the plebs who came up with it think that with "cheap" launches, no permits really, and free* power, it might really come out in the wash and be easier to scale.
Is it a good idea? Most likely not, the amount of issues they are going to have is going to be amazing.
Ok, first solve cosmic rays, then solve space hardening silcon, then solve dumping megawatts of heat without convection.
oh and then solve data affinity whilst training.
oh and connectivity.
Oh and lossless RDMA over free space lasers.
Not that putting data centers in space is a good idea, but there are always problems to solve when doing anything novel or new right? Imagine the list when they were first discussing putting a guy on the moon and trying to get him back.
Yes, there are novel problems, and I love me a novel problem.
Much as I hate musk, I do love the engineers that managed to make practical high bandwidth inter satellite communications possible. the optics and sensing needed to do that is wonderful.
but data centres in space is just such a stupid fucking idea. Sure you need to solve those problems, but like add some fucking solar panels to datacentres on earth and solve the same problem locally. Its literally the same problem. but you have connection, cooling and less cosmic rays
The problem of waste heat alone is basically untenable by the laws of physics.
The ISS dissipates roughly 70kw of heat through 5000 square feet of radiator.
70kw is about 1-3 racks of ai compute.
Maybe if HN's favorite bad guy said the quiet part out loud about exploring space compute to avoid regulation...instead of making bombastic claims about possible technical efficacy. I'm not really interested in giving credit to leaders that lie about their motives. Note the blog you linked doesn't mention this either.
Put them on container ships, and pretend you launched them into space. You'll come out ahead in every way.
Not really, no. It still look absurd and a way to lobby local governments. Nothing has changed. It’s really just a way to say „let us do whatever we want, how we want, or we go to space“.
[flagged]
the biggest issue is the ever growing water shortage and not power
Rhetoric meets reality.
Texas rolled out the red carpet to corporate interests --- and then discovered that their electrical grid operation is totally inadequate to deal with the impact.
This is just one isolated example of a much larger issue related to the "AI race".
AI is power intensive and the "winner" of the "AI race" is likely be whoever can produce lower cost power and lots of it.
>The upcoming election is part of it, but the underlying issues are worth digging into.
Well we will know for sure on Nov 4 :) But I expect 99.999% of the reason is Midterms, that way politicians can say "We are stopping Data Centers". I expect that will change once they have to account for their bribes, known as political contributions in the US.
There are a few dipshit NY pols playing this game right now. They have their signs and literature out touting their "votes to (temporarily) stop data centers".
The tell is so obvious. All the GOP candidates distancing themselves from Trump and saying data centers are bad.
Normally that would earn you a 2AM all caps tweet labeling you a RINO or worse, and getting primaried. Instead, not a peep.
Which tells you its a ruse and he's in on it.
Absolutely, as soon as the midterms are over these corrupt buttnuggets will roll right back over and let the data center construction resume unabated.